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Penicillin G

产品号 DB01053 公司名称 DrugBank
CAS号 61-33-6 公司网站 http://www.ualberta.ca/
分子式 C16H18N2O4S 电 话 (780) 492-3111
分子量 334.39012 传 真
纯 度 电子邮件 david.wishart@ualberta.ca
保 存 Chembase数据库ID: 924

产品价格信息

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产品别名

标题
Penicillin G
IUPAC标准名
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
IUPAC传统名
penicillin G
商标名
Pfizerpen G
Penicillin
Permapen
Specilline G
Phenylacetamidopenicillanic Acid
Ursopen
Abbocillin
Benzylpenicillin
Bicillin L-A
Cillora
Cilopen
Crysticillin 300 A.S.
Free Benzylpenicillin
Galofak
Gelacillin
Pencillin G
Penicillinic Acid, Benzyl-
Wycillin
Ayercillin
Benzopenicillin
Benzylpenicillin G
Benzylpenicillinic Acid
Bicillin
Cilloral
Compocillin G
Cosmopen
Free Penicillin G
Free Penicillin Ii
Liquacillin
Megacillin
Penicillin G Potassium
Penicillin G Potassium in Plastic Container
Penicillin G Sodium
Penicillin-G Potassium
Pentids
Pentids '200'
Pfizerpen
Pharmacillin
Pradupen
Dropcillin

产品登记号

PubChem CID 5904
CAS号 61-33-6
PubChem SID 46506778

产品性质

疏水性(logP) 1.5
溶解度 Slightly soluble (210 mg/L)

产品详细信息

详细说明 (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups approved
Description Penicillin G is narrow spectrum antibiotic used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It is a natural penicillin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly due to poor oral absorption. Penicillin G may also be used in some cases as prophylaxis against susceptible organisms.

Natural penicillins are considered the drugs of choice for several infections caused by susceptible gram positive aerobic organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, groups A, B, C and G streptococci, nonenterococcal group D streptococci, viridans group streptococci, and non-penicillinase producing staphylococcus. Aminoglycosides may be added for synergy against group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae), S. viridans, and Enterococcus faecalis. The natural penicillins may also be used as first or second line agents against susceptible gram positive aerobic bacilli such as Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Natural penicillins have limited activity against gram negative organisms; however, they may be used in some cases to treat infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Pasteurella. They are not generally used to treat anaerobic infections. Resistance patterns, susceptibility and treatment guidelines vary across regions.
Indication For use in the treatment of severe infections caused by penicillin G-susceptible microorganisms when rapid and high penicillin levels are required such as in the treatment of septicemia, meningitis, pericarditis, endocarditis and severe pneumonia.
Pharmacology Penicillin G is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name "penicillin" can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Penicillin G has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of penicillin G results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through penicillin G binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Penicillin G is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases.
Toxicity Oral LD50 in rat is 8900 mk/kg. Neurological adverse reactions, including convulsions, may occur with the attainment of high CSF levels of beta-lactams. Neutropenia can occur if high doses are administered consistently for over 2 weeks.
Affected Organisms
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Biotransformation About 16-30% of an intramuscular dose is metabolized to penicilloic acid, an inactive metabolite. Small amounts of 6-aminopenicillanic acid have been recovered in the urine of patients on penicillin G. A small percentage of the drug appears to be hydroxylated into one or more active metabolites, which are also excreted via urine.
Absorption Rapidly absorbed following both intramuscular and subcutaneous injection. Initial blood levels following parenteral administration are high but transient. Oral absorption in fasting, healthy humans is only about 15-30% as it is very susceptible to acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.
Half Life In adults with normal renal function is reportedly 0.4–0.9 hours
Protein Binding Bind to serum proteins (45-68%), mainly albumin.
Elimination Penicillin G is eliminated by the kidneys. Nonrenal clearance includes hepatic metabolism and, to a lesser extent, biliary excretion.
Distribution 0.53–0.67 L/kg in adults with normal renal function
Clearance 560ml/min in healthy humans
References
Eagle H, Newman E, Musselman AD, Robinson M, Birmingham M: THE RENAL CLEARANCE OF PENICILLINS F, G, K, AND X IN RABBITS AND MAN. J Clin Invest. 1947 Sep;26(5):903-18. [Pubmed]
External Links
RxList

参考文献

  • Eagle H, Newman E, Musselman AD, Robinson M, Birmingham M: THE RENAL CLEARANCE OF PENICILLINS F, G, K, AND X IN RABBITS AND MAN. J Clin Invest. 1947 Sep;26(5):903-18. Pubmed