| Item |
Information |
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Drug Groups
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approved; investigational |
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Description
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Desloratadine is a second generation, tricyclic antihistamine that which has a selective and peripheral H1-antagonist action. It is the active descarboethoxy metabolite of loratidine (a second generation histamine). Desloratidine has a long-lasting effect and does not cause drowsiness because it does not readily enter the central nervous system. |
| Indication |
For the relief of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial (non-seasonal) allergic rhinitis. Desloratidine is also used for the sympomatic treatment of pruritus and urticaria (hives) associated with chronic idiopathic urticaria. |
| Pharmacology |
Desloratadine is a long-acting second-generation H1-receptor antagonist which has a selective and peripheral H1-antagonist action. Histamine is a chemical that causes many of the signs that are part of allergic reactions, such as the swelling of tissues. Histamine is released from histamine-storing cells (mast cells) and attaches to other cells that have receptors for histamine. The attachment of the histamine to the receptors causes the cell to be "activated," releasing other chemicals which produce the effects that we associate with allergies. Desloratadine blocks one type of receptor for histamine (the H1 receptor) and thus prevents activation of cells by histamine. Unlike most other antihistamines, Desloratadine does not enter the brain from the blood and, therefore, does not cause drowsiness. |
| Affected Organisms |
| • |
Humans and other mammals |
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| Half Life |
50 hours |
| Protein Binding |
82-87% |
| Elimination |
Desloratadine (a major metabolite of loratadine) is extensively metabolized to 3-hydroxydesloratadine, an active metabolite, which is subsequently glucuronidated. Approximately 87% of a 14C-desloratadine dose was equally recovered in urine and feces. |
| References |
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Mann RD, Pearce GL, Dunn N, Shakir S: Sedation with "non-sedating" antihistamines: four prescription-event monitoring studies in general practice. BMJ. 2000 Apr 29;320(7243):1184-6.
[Pubmed]
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Glass DJ, Harper AS: Assessing satisfaction with desloratadine and fexofenadine in allergy patients who report dissatisfaction with loratadine. BMC Fam Pract. 2003 Aug 13;4:10. Epub 2003 Aug 13.
[Pubmed]
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See S: Desloratadine for allergic rhinitis. Am Fam Physician. 2003 Nov 15;68(10):2015-6.
[Pubmed]
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Devillier P, Roche N, Faisy C: Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of desloratadine, fexofenadine and levocetirizine : a comparative review. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2008;47(4):217-30.
[Pubmed]
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Bachert C: A review of the efficacy of desloratadine, fexofenadine, and levocetirizine in the treatment of nasal congestion in patients with allergic rhinitis. Clin Ther. 2009 May;31(5):921-44.
[Pubmed]
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DuBuske L: Desloratadine for chronic idiopathic urticaria: a review of clinical efficacy. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2007;8(5):271-83.
[Pubmed]
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Bachert C, Maurer M: Safety and efficacy of desloratadine in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis or chronic urticaria: results of four postmarketing surveillance studies. Clin Drug Investig. 2010;30(2):109-22. doi: 10.2165/11530930-000000000-00000.
[Pubmed]
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Simons FE, Prenner BM, Finn A Jr: Efficacy and safety of desloratadine in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Mar;111(3):617-22.
[Pubmed]
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