| Item |
Information |
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Drug Groups
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approved |
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Description
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Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria. [PubChem] |
| Indication |
For the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. |
| Pharmacology |
Brompheniramine is an antihistaminergic medication of the propylamine class. It is a first-generation antihistamine. In allergic reactions an allergen interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. Once the mast cell-antibody-antigen complex is formed, a complex series of events occurs that eventually leads to cell-degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the mast cell or basophil. Once released, histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. Histamine, acting on H1-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia, and bronchoconstriction. Histamine also increases vascular permeability and potentiates pain. Brompheniramine is a histamine H1 antagonist (or more correctly, an inverse histamine agonist) of the alkylamine class. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies. |
| Toxicity |
Oral, rat: LD50 = 318 mg/kg. Signs of overdose include fast or irregular heartbeat, mental or mood changes, tightness in the chest, and unusual tiredness or weakness. |
| Affected Organisms |
| • |
Humans and other mammals |
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| Biotransformation |
Hepatic (cytochrome P-450 system), some renal. |
| Absorption |
Antihistamines are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. |
| External Links |
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