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Mannitol

产品号 DB00742 公司名称 DrugBank
CAS号 69-65-8 公司网站 http://www.ualberta.ca/
分子式 C6H14O6 电 话 (780) 492-3111
分子量 182.17176 传 真
纯 度 电子邮件 david.wishart@ualberta.ca
保 存 Chembase数据库ID: 622

产品价格信息

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产品别名

标题
Mannitol
IUPAC标准名
hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
IUPAC传统名
sorbitol
商标名
Osmitrol 5% In Water
Hexitol
Resectisol
Manicol
Mannigen
Maniton-S
Mannite
Mannitol 25%
Mannitol 5% In Plastic Container
Mannitol BP
Mushroom sugar
Osmitrol
Osmosal
SDM-25
Diosmol
Hexanhexol
Isotol
Manna sugar
Mannazucker
Mannidex
Mannistol
Mannit
Mannitol 10%
Mannitol 10% In Plastic Container
Mannitol 15%
Mannitol 15% In Plastic Container
Mannitol 20%
Mannitol 20% In Plastic Container
Mannitol 5%
Osmitrol 10% In Water
Osmitrol 15% In Water
Osmitrol 20% In Water
Resectisol In Plastic Container
d-mannitol extra pure
Bronchitol
别名
D-Mannitol
Cordycepic acid
mannitol

产品登记号

CAS号 69-65-8

产品性质

疏水性(logP) -3.9
溶解度 216 mg/mL

产品详细信息

详细说明 (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups approved; investigational
Description Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. Mannitol may also be used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances; as an Antiglaucoma agent; and as a renal function diagnostic aid.
Indication Used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established, the reduction of intracranial pressure, the treatment of cerebral edema, and the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances.
Pharmacology Chemically, mannitol is an alcohol and a sugar, or a polyol; it is similar to xylitol or sorbitol. However, mannitol has a tendency to lose a hydrogen ion in aqueous solutions, which causes the solution to become acidic. For this reason, it is not uncommon to add a substance to adjust its pH, such as sodium bicarbonate. Mannitol is commonly used to increase urine production (diuretic). It is also used to treat or prevent medical conditions that are caused by an increase in body fluids/water (e.g., cerebral edema, glaucoma, kidney failure). Mannitol is frequently given along with other diuretics (e.g., furosemide, chlorothiazide) and/or IV fluid replacement.
Toxicity LD50=1700 mg/kg (rat oral)
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation Mannitol is metabolized only slightly, if at all, to glycogen in the liver.
Absorption Approximately 7% of ingested mannitol is absorbed during gastrointestinal perfusion in uremic patients.
Half Life 100 minutes
Protein Binding None
Elimination It is rapidly excreted in the urine.
References
Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Improving clinical outcomes from acute subdural hematomas with the emergency preoperative administration of high doses of mannitol: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2001 Oct;49(4):864-71. [Pubmed]
Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of mannitol for intraparenchymal temporal lobe hemorrhages with abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2002 Sep;51(3):628-37; discussion 637-8. [Pubmed]
Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K, Facco E: Successful use of the new high-dose mannitol treatment in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 3 and bilateral abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. J Neurosurg. 2004 Mar;100(3):376-83. [Pubmed]
Roberts I, Smith R, Evans S: Doubts over head injury studies. BMJ. 2007 Feb 24;334(7590):392-4. [Pubmed]
Wakai A, Roberts I, Schierhout G: Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Oct 19;(4):CD001049. [Pubmed]
Wang YM, van Eys J: Nutritional significance of fructose and sugar alcohols. Annu Rev Nutr. 1981;1:437-75. [Pubmed]
External Links
Wikipedia
RxList
Drugs.com

参考文献

  • Roberts I, Smith R, Evans S: Doubts over head injury studies. BMJ. 2007 Feb 24;334(7590):392-4. Pubmed
  • Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K, Facco E: Successful use of the new high-dose mannitol treatment in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 3 and bilateral abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. J Neurosurg. 2004 Mar;100(3):376-83. Pubmed
  • Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Improving clinical outcomes from acute subdural hematomas with the emergency preoperative administration of high doses of mannitol: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2001 Oct;49(4):864-71. Pubmed
  • Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of mannitol for intraparenchymal temporal lobe hemorrhages with abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2002 Sep;51(3):628-37; discussion 637-8. Pubmed
  • Wakai A, Roberts I, Schierhout G: Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Oct 19;(4):CD001049. Pubmed
  • Wang YM, van Eys J: Nutritional significance of fructose and sugar alcohols. Annu Rev Nutr. 1981;1:437-75. Pubmed