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Acetylcysteine

产品号 DB06151 公司名称 DrugBank
CAS号 616-91-1 公司网站 http://www.ualberta.ca/
分子式 C5H9NO3S 电 话 (780) 492-3111
分子量 163.19486 传 真
纯 度 电子邮件 david.wishart@ualberta.ca
保 存 Chembase数据库ID: 4418

产品价格信息

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产品别名

标题
Acetylcysteine
IUPAC标准名
(2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid
IUPAC传统名
acetylcysteine
商标名
ACC
Acetadote
Mucolysin
Mucomyst
Fluimucil
Parvolex
Lysox
别名
N-acetylcysteine
NAC

产品登记号

PubChem CID 12035
PubChem SID 99443235
CAS号 616-91-1

产品性质

产品详细信息

详细说明 (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups approved
Description Acetylcysteine is the N-acetyl derivative of cysteine. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates. [PubChem]
Indication Acetylcysteine is used mainly as a mucolytic and in the management of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose.
Pharmacology Acetylcysteine has been shown to reduce the extent of liver injury following acetaminophen overdose. It is most effective when given early, with benefit seen principally in patients treated within 8-10 hours of the overdose. Acetylcysteine likely protects the liver by maintaining or restoring the glutathione levels, or by acting as an alternate substrate for conjugation with, and thus detoxification of, the reactive metabolite.

Toxicity Single intravenous doses of acetylcysteine at 1000 mg/kg in mice, 2445 mg/kg in rats, 1500 mg/kg in guinea pigs, 1200 mg/kg in rabbits and 500 mg/kg in dogs were lethal. Symptoms of acute toxicity were ataxia, hypoactivity, labored respiration, cyanosis, loss of righting reflex and convulsions.

Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation Hepatic. Deacetylated by the liver to cysteine and subsequently metabolized.
Absorption Bioavailability is 6–10% following oral administration and less than 3% following topical administration.
Half Life 5.6 hours (adults), 11 hours (neonates)
Protein Binding 83%
References
Bachert C, Hormann K, Mosges R, Rasp G, Riechelmann H, Muller R, Luckhaupt H, Stuck BA, Rudack C: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis and nasal polyposis. Allergy. 2003 Mar;58(3):176-91. [Pubmed]
Bailey B, McGuigan MA: Management of anaphylactoid reactions to intravenous N-acetylcysteine. Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Jun;31(6):710-5. [Pubmed]
Breitkreutz R, Pittack N, Nebe CT, Schuster D, Brust J, Beichert M, Hack V, Daniel V, Edler L, Droge W: Improvement of immune functions in HIV infection by sulfur supplementation: two randomized trials. J Mol Med. 2000;78(1):55-62. [Pubmed]
Dawson AH, Henry DA, McEwen J: Adverse reactions to N-acetylcysteine during treatment for paracetamol poisoning. Med J Aust. 1989 Mar 20;150(6):329-31. [Pubmed]
Fulghesu AM, Ciampelli M, Muzj G, Belosi C, Selvaggi L, Ayala GF, Lanzone A: N-acetyl-cysteine treatment improves insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002 Jun;77(6):1128-35. [Pubmed]
Jones AL: Mechanism of action and value of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of early and late acetaminophen poisoning: a critical review. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36(4):277-85. [Pubmed]
External Links
Wikipedia
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参考文献

  • Bachert C, Hormann K, Mosges R, Rasp G, Riechelmann H, Muller R, Luckhaupt H, Stuck BA, Rudack C: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis and nasal polyposis. Allergy. 2003 Mar;58(3):176-91. Pubmed
  • Bailey B, McGuigan MA: Management of anaphylactoid reactions to intravenous N-acetylcysteine. Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Jun;31(6):710-5. Pubmed
  • Breitkreutz R, Pittack N, Nebe CT, Schuster D, Brust J, Beichert M, Hack V, Daniel V, Edler L, Droge W: Improvement of immune functions in HIV infection by sulfur supplementation: two randomized trials. J Mol Med. 2000;78(1):55-62. Pubmed
  • Dawson AH, Henry DA, McEwen J: Adverse reactions to N-acetylcysteine during treatment for paracetamol poisoning. Med J Aust. 1989 Mar 20;150(6):329-31. Pubmed
  • Fulghesu AM, Ciampelli M, Muzj G, Belosi C, Selvaggi L, Ayala GF, Lanzone A: N-acetyl-cysteine treatment improves insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002 Jun;77(6):1128-35. Pubmed
  • Jones AL: Mechanism of action and value of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of early and late acetaminophen poisoning: a critical review. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36(4):277-85. Pubmed