| Item |
Information |
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Drug Groups
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approved |
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Description
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An antiviral derivative of thymidine used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to herpes simplex virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557) |
| Indication |
Ophthalmic solution for the treatment of primay keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to herpes simplex virus, types 1 and 2. |
| Pharmacology |
Trifluridine is a fluorinated pyrimidine nucleoside with in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex virus, types 1 and 2 and vacciniavirus. Some strains of adenovirus are also inhibited in vitro. Trifluridine is also effective in the treatment of epithelial keratitis that has not responded clinically to the topical administration of idoxuridine or when ocular toxicity or hypersensitivity to idoxuridine has occurred. In a smaller number of patients found to be resistant to topical vidarabine, trifluridine was also effective. Trifluridine interferes with DNA synthesis in cultured mammalian cells. However, its antiviral mechanism of action is not completely known. |
| Toxicity |
Overdosage by ocular instillation is unlikely because any excess solution should be quickly expelled from the conjunctival sac. Acute overdosage by accidental oral ingestion has not occurred. However, should such ingestion occur, the 75 mg dosage of trifluridine in a 7.5 mL bottle of trifluridine is not likely to produce adverse effects. Single intravenous doses of 1.5 to 30 mg/kg/day in children and adults with neoplastic disease produce reversible bone marrow depression as the only potentially serious toxic effect and only after three to five courses of therapy. The acute oral LD50 in the mouse and rat was 4379 mg/kg or higher. |
| Affected Organisms |
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| Biotransformation |
One major metabolite, 5-carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine found on the endothelial side of the cornea, indicating localized metabolism. |
| Absorption |
Systemic absorption of trifluridine following therapeutic dosing with trifluridine ophthalmic appears to be negligible. |
| Half Life |
Approximately 12 to 18 minutes following ophthalmic administration. |
| References |
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Costin D, Dogaru M, Popa AS, Cijevschi I: [Trifluridine therapy in herpetic in keratitis] Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2004 Apr-Jun;108(2):409-12.
[Pubmed]
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Kuster P, Taravella M, Gelinas M, Stepp P: Delivery of trifluridine to human cornea and aqueous using collagen shields. CLAO J. 1998 Apr;24(2):122-4.
[Pubmed]
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O'Brien WJ, Taylor JL: Therapeutic response of herpes simplex virus-induced corneal edema to trifluridine in combination with immunosuppressive agents. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991 Aug;32(9):2455-61.
[Pubmed]
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Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Varadhachary G, Fukushima M, Kuwata K, Mita A, Wolff RA, Hoff P, Xiong H, Abbruzzese JL: Phase I clinical study of three times a day oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Invest. 2008 Oct;26(8):794-9.
[Pubmed]
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Hong DS, Abbruzzese JL, Bogaard K, Lassere Y, Fukushima M, Mita A, Kuwata K, Hoff PM: Phase I study to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer. 2006 Sep 15;107(6):1383-90.
[Pubmed]
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Temmink OH, Prins HJ, van Gelderop E, Peters GJ: The Hollow Fibre Assay as a model for in vivo pharmacodynamics of fluoropyrimidines in colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2007 Jan 15;96(1):61-6. Epub 2006 Dec 19.
[Pubmed]
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