urea

• ChemBase编号: 3541
• 分子式: CH4N2O
• 平均质量: 60.05526
• 单一同位素质量: 60.03236276
• SMILES: NC(=O)N
• Canonical SMILES: NC(=O)N
• InChI: InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
• InChIKey: XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

名称和登记号

名称

• IUPAC标准名: urea
• IUPAC传统名: urea
• 别名: 尿素 溶液; 尿素, ACS; 碳酰二胺; 碳酰胺; 尿素; 脲; 尿素 溶液; Urea; Carbonyldiamide; UREA REAGENT GRADE; Urea solution; Urea, ACS; carbonyl diamide; diaminomethanae; diaminomethanone; Urea; Isourea; Carbonyldiamine; Ureophil; Urevert; UREA ULTRA PURE; Ureum; Urea solution; Carbamide

登记号

• CAS号: 57-13-6
• EC号: 231-791-2; 200-315-5
• MDL号: MFCD00008022
• Beilstein号: 635724
• 默克索引号: 149867
• PubChem SID: 24900645; 24873573; 46508687; 24873568; 24859899; 24900650; 24900624; 160966980; 24873571; 24873567; 24900617; 24900656; 24900435; 24900649; 24873763; 24900652; 24900664
• PubChem CID: 1176
• CHEBI ID: 16199
• ATC码: D02AE01; B05BC02
• CHEMBL: 985
• Chemspider ID: 1143
• DrugBank ID: DB03904
• KEGG ID: D00023
• 美国药典/FDA物质标识码: 8W8T17847W
• 维基百科标题: Urea

理论计算性质

JChem

• Acid pKa: 15.731965
• 质子受体: 1
• 质子供体: 2
• LogD (pH = 5.5): -1.3638339
• LogD (pH = 7.4): -1.3638339
• Log P: -1.3638339
• 摩尔折射率: 13.1426 cm^3
• 极化性: 5.02445 Å^3
• 极化表面积: 69.11 Å^2
• 可自由旋转的化学键: 0
• 里宾斯基五规则: true

ALOGPS 2.1

• Log P: -1.78
• LOG S: 0.84
• 溶解度: 4.12e+02 g/l

分子性质

理化性质

• 溶解度: 107.9 g/100 ml (20 °C); 167 g/100ml (40 °C); 251 g/100 ml (60 °C); 400 g/100 ml (80 °C) in water; 50g/L ethanol, 500g/L glycerol; H2O: soluble5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless; H2O: soluble8 M; H2O: soluble8 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless; Soluble in water, alcohol, methanol, glycerol, benzene, and conc. HCl. Practically insoluble in chloroform, ether
• 外观: Crystalline; pearls; pellets; powder; Solid Crystalline; white powder; White solid
• 熔点: 130-135°C; 132-135 °C; 132-135 °C(lit.); 132-135°C; 133 °C with decomposition; 133–135 °C; 133-135°C
• 沸点: Decomposes at 135 °C (275 °F).
• 闪点: Non-flammable
• 密度: 1.32 g/cm^3; 1.335; 1.335 g/cm^3 at 20 °C; 1.335 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• 折射率: n20/D 1.40
• 蒸汽压: .000016 hPa at 25 °C
• 紫外吸收波长: A5M/260 ≤0.06; A5M/260 nm ≤0.06; A5M/280 ≤0.06; A5M/280 nm ≤0.06; A6M/260 ≤0.06; A6M/280 ≤0.06; λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.03; λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.03; λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0.02; λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.02
• pKb: pK_BH^+ = 0.18
• pH值: 7.5-9.5 (20 °C, 5 M in H2O); 8.0-10.0 (20 °C, 8 M in H2O); 8.0-10.0 (25 °C); 8.0-10.0 (25 °C, 8 M in H2O)

安全信息

• 保存条件: Room Temperature (15-30°C)
• 保存注意事项: Irritant
• RTECS编号: YR6250000
• 欧盟危险性物质标志: 刺激性(Irritant) (Xi)
• 德国WGK号: 1
• 危险公开号: R:36/37/38
• 安全公开号: S:20-25-26-37/39
• TSCA收录: 是
• 欧盟危险品索引: Not listed
• 半数致死量: 8500 mg/kg (oral, rat)
• 个人保护装置: Eyeshields, Gloves; Eyeshields, Gloves, half-mask respirator (US), multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US); Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US), type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
• 保存温度: 2-8°C

药理学性质

• 相关基因信息: human ... CA1(759), CA2(760), EPHX2(2053)mouse ... Ephx2(13850)rat ... Ppm1a(24666); human ... CA1(759), CA2(760)rat ... Ppm1a(24666)

产品相关信息

• 纯度: ≥98.0%; ≥99.0%; ≥99.0% (N); ≥99.0% (T); ≥99.5%; ≥99.5% (T); 98%; 98+%; 99%; 99.0-100.5%; 99.0-101.0% (calc. on dry substance); 99.3+%; 99-101% (calc. on dry substance)
• 浓度: ~8 M in H2O; 40 % (w/v) in H2O; 40% in H2O; 8 M (after reconstitution with 16 mL high purity water)
• 级别: ACS reagent; ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur.; for electrophoresis; for microbiology; for molecular biology; JIS special grade; Ph Eur; puriss.; puriss. p.a.; purum; purum p.a.; REAGENT; reagent grade; ReagentPlus®; SAJ first grade
• 包装: vial of 5 mL
• 适用性: in accordance for appearance of solution; in accordance for identity; meets USP testing specifications; suitable for cell culture
• 燃烧残渣: ≤0.01%; ≤0.01% (as SO4); ≤0.1%; ≤0.1% (as SO4)
• 杂质: <0.005% formaldehyde (HCHO); ≤0.0005% heavy metals (as Pb); ≤0.001% heavy metals (as Pb); ≤0.005% Ammonia; ≤0.005% formaldehyde (HCHO); ≤0.005% Phosphorus (P); ≤0.01% Insoluble matter; ≤0.04% insoluble in ethanol; ≤0.05% ammonium (NH4); ≤0.05% biuret; ≤0.1% biuret; ≤0.1% biuret(carbamylurea); ≤0.1% Insoluble matter; alkalic reac. substances, complies; DNases, none detected; insoluble matter, passes filter test; phosphatases, none detected; proteases, none detected; residual solvents, complies; RNases, none detected
• 痕量阳离子: Al: ≤0.0005%; Al: ≤1 mg/kg; Al: ≤5 mg/kg; As: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Ba: ≤1 mg/kg; Ba: ≤5 mg/kg; Bi: ≤1 mg/kg; Bi: ≤5 mg/kg; Ca: ≤0.0005%; Ca: ≤10 mg/kg; Ca: ≤5 mg/kg; Cd: ≤1 mg/kg; Cd: ≤5 mg/kg; Co: ≤1 mg/kg; Co: ≤5 mg/kg; Cr: ≤1 mg/kg; Cr: ≤5 mg/kg; Cu: ≤0.0005%; Cu: ≤1 mg/kg; Cu: ≤1 ppm; Cu: ≤5 mg/kg; Fe: ≤0.0005%; Fe: ≤0.001%; Fe: ≤0.5 mg/kg; Fe: ≤1 mg/kg; Fe: ≤1 ppm; Fe: ≤2 mg/kg; Fe: ≤5 mg/kg; heavy metals (as Pb): ≤0.001%; K: ≤0.005%; K: ≤20 mg/kg; K: ≤300 mg/kg; K: ≤50 mg/kg; Li: ≤1 mg/kg; Li: ≤5 mg/kg; Mg: ≤0.0005%; Mg: ≤1 mg/kg; Mg: ≤5 mg/kg; Mn: ≤1 mg/kg; Mn: ≤5 mg/kg; Mo: ≤1 mg/kg; Mo: ≤5 mg/kg; Na: ≤0.005%; Na: ≤20 mg/kg; Na: ≤50 mg/kg; NH4+: ≤0.05%; Ni: ≤1 mg/kg; Ni: ≤5 mg/kg; Pb: ≤0.001%; Pb: ≤1 mg/kg; Pb: ≤2 ppm; Pb: ≤5 mg/kg; Pb: ≤5 ppm; Sr: ≤1 mg/kg; Sr: ≤5 mg/kg; Zn: ≤0.0005%; Zn: ≤1 mg/kg; Zn: ≤5 mg/kg
• 痕量阴离子: chloride (Cl-): ≤0.05%; chloride (Cl-): ≤10 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤5 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤5 ppm; sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.001%; sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.05%; sulfate (SO42-): ≤10 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤30 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤50 mg/kg
• 其他组分: 0.1% benzoic acid as preservative
• Foreign Activity: DNase, NICKase, RNase and protease, none detected
• 无菌消毒: non-sterile; sterile-filtered
• 有效期: (limited shelf life, expiry date on the label)
• 干燥失重: ≤0.05% loss on drying, 20 °C (HV); ≤0.1% loss on drying, 20 °C (HV); ≤1.0% loss on drying, 105 °C, 1 h; ≤1.0% loss on drying, 105°C, 1 h
• 产品质量级别: PREMIUM
• 品质说明: crystallized; meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP
• λ: 8 M in H2O; neat
• 药典: testing & handling conforms to Pharmacopeia
• 产品线: BioUltra
• 线性分子式: NH2CONH2

详细说明

MP Biomedicals - 02103209

Crystalline
Reagent Grade
Suitable for most standard applications.

MP Biomedicals - 02105695

Ultra Pure
Purity: 99%
4X Crystallized
Suitable for use as a protein denaturant.

DrugBank - DB03904

• Drug Groups: experimental
• Description: A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. [PubChem]
• Indication:
  ;
  • 10% hydrate skin
  ;
  • 15% accelerate fibrin degradation
  ;
  • 20-30% are antipruritic, break down keratin, decrease the thickness of the stratum corneum and are used in scaling conditions such as ichthysosis
  ;
  • 40% are proteolytic and may be used to dissolve and peel dystrophic nails
  ;
  ; ; [Patient Self Care, 2010]
• Pharmacology: As a humectant, urea draws water into the striatum corneum.
• External Links: Drugs.com

Apollo Scientific Ltd - OR59884

Reagent

Sigma Aldrich - U4128

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - 51458

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。
Other Notes
Acetic acid -urea PAGE of proteins1; In the extraction of mitochondrial complex V2; Calibration of polyacrylamide gel columns for the separation of oligonucleotides by capillary electrophoresis3; Tryptophan fluorescence in electron-transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase4; Denaturation curve5

Sigma Aldrich - U4884

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - 51465

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - U6504

Application
使蛋白质增溶和变性以用于变性等电聚焦和二维电泳的离液剂。
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - U4883

Application
Useful for solubilizing and denaturing proteins in preparation for 2D-PAGE, enzymatic digests, IMAC Chromatography, and related procedures.

Sigma Aldrich - 02493

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。
Urea can be used to study chaotropic agents, denaturation, biochemicals and reagents. Urea has been used to test whether the co-delivery of synergistic drug combinations in the same liposome provides a better anti-tumor effect than the drugs administered in separate liposomes.

Sigma Aldrich - U7129

Application
建议用于检测尿素酶活性。
Preparation Note
Warm the refrigerated 40% urea solution to room temperature. Aseptically add 5 mL to 95 mL of sterile molten Urea Agar Base (Christensen). Mix well and dispense in sterile tubes.

Sigma Aldrich - 08582

Components
（每瓶足够用于 100mL 培养基） 尿素 2.0g；蒸馏水 5.0mL
General description
经过过滤灭菌的溶液，推荐用于检测尿素酶活性。

Sigma Aldrich - 51456

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。
Other Notes
Denaturing reagent1; Commonly used in conjunction with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the fractionation of single-stranded nucleic acids with chains of up to 200 nucleotides2,3,4

Sigma Aldrich - 208884

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - U5378

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - U0631

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - 51461

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - U5128

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。
包装
1 kg in poly bottle
5 kg in poly drum
5, 100, 500 g in poly bottle

Sigma Aldrich - 32-0290

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - 51460

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - 32-0280

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - 15604

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - 32-0291

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。
Suitability
for biological purposes

Sigma Aldrich - U1250

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。
包装
1 kg in poly bottle
5 kg in poly drum
法律信息
ReagentPlus 注册商标 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

Sigma Aldrich - 51459

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - 33247

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

参考文献

• Reacts with alcohols on prolonged heating to give alkyl carbamates; see, e.g.: Org. Synth. Coll., 1, 140 (1941).
• Widely used in diazotization reactions for the destruction of excess HNO₂.
• For the one-pot conversion of carboxylic acids to nitriles, by heating with urea in the presence of 1.5-2.0 moles of sulfamic acid, see: Chimia, 25, 94 (1971).
• For a procedure for conversion of carboxylic acids to primary amides by heating with urea, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 3, 768 (1955); 4, 513 (1963).