formic acid

• ChemBase编号: 1709
• 分子式: CH2O2
• 平均质量: 46.02538
• 单一同位素质量: 46.0054793
• SMILES: OC=O
• Canonical SMILES: OC=O
• InChI: InChI=1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)
• InChIKey: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

名称和登记号

名称

• IUPAC标准名: formic acid
• IUPAC系统名: Methanoic Acid
• IUPAC传统名: formic acid
• 别名: 甲酸 溶液; 甲酸, ACS; 甲酸 溶液; 甲酸根，用于离子色谱标准液; 甲酸; Formic acid solution; Formic acid, ACS; Formic acid solution; Formate standard for IC; Formate; Methanoic acid; Hydrogen carboxylic acid; Aminic acid; Formylic acid; Formic Acid; Hydroxymethanone; Hydroxy(oxo)methane; Metacarbonoic acid; Oxocarbinic acid; Oxomethanol; Formic acid; Acide formique; FORMIC ACID ACS REAGENT GRADE; FORMIC ACID 88%, ACS GRADE

登记号

• CAS号: 64-18-6
• EC号: 231-791-2; 200-579-1
• MDL号: MFCD00003297
• Beilstein号: 1209246
• 默克索引号: 144241
• PubChem SID: 24889981; 24845922; 24900966; 24894725; 24873243; 24846384; 24845921; 46508355; 24864810; 24856186; 24880070; 24859835; 24855128; 24845920; 160965166
• PubChem CID: 284
• CHEBI ID: 30751
• ATC码: QP53AG01
• CHEMBL: 116736
• Chemspider ID: 278
• DrugBank ID: DB01942
• FEMA编号: 2487
• KEGG ID: C00058
• 美国药典/FDA物质标识码: 0YIW783RG1
• 维基百科标题: Formic_acid
• 欧洲委员会编号: 1
• Flavis Number: 8.001

理论计算性质

JChem

• Acid pKa: 4.269118
• 质子受体: 2
• 质子供体: 1
• LogD (pH = 5.5): -1.5255477
• LogD (pH = 7.4): -3.257304
• Log P: -0.27204442
• 摩尔折射率: 8.1532 cm^3
• 极化性: 3.259014 Å^3
• 极化表面积: 37.3 Å^2
• 可自由旋转的化学键: 0
• 里宾斯基五规则: true

ALOGPS 2.1

• Log P: -0.47
• LOG S: 1.02
• 溶解度: 4.77e+02 g/l

分子性质

理化性质

• 溶解度: 1000 mg/mL at 25 oC [RIDDICK,JA et al. (1986)]; Miscible in water
• 外观: APHA: ≤15; Colorless liquid; Liquid
• 熔点: 7 °C; 7°C; 7-9°C; 8.2-8.4 °C(lit.); 8.4°C; 8.5 °C
• 沸点: 100.8 °C; 100.8°C; 100-101 °C(lit.); 100-101°C; 101 °C; 101°C; ca. 101 °C at 1013 hPa
• 闪点: 118.4 °F; 48 °C (closed cup and DIN 51755); 48 °C; 50°C(156°F); 69°C (156.2°F)
• 自燃点: 1004 °F; 480 °C (DIN 51794)
• 密度: 1.20 g/mL at 20 °C; 1.22 g/cm^3 at 20 °C; 1.22 g/ml; 1.22 g/mL; 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C; 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.); 1.220
• 折射率: 1.3710; n20/D 1.336; n20/D 1.370; n20/D 1.370(lit.); n20/D 1.371; n20/D 1.372
• 蒸汽压: 42 hPa at 20 °C; 44.8 mmHg ( 20 °C)
• 蒸汽密度: 1.6 (air = 1); 1.6 (vs air)
• 紫外吸收波长: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.03; λ: 270 nm Amax: 0.05; λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01; λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.04; λ: 290 nm Amax: 0.03; λ: 300 nm Amax: 0.02; λ: 500 nm Amax: 0.02
• 疏水性(logP): -0.54 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]
• pKa: 3.77
• 粘度: 1.57 cP at 26 °C
• pH值: 1.0-2.5 (25 °C)

安全信息

• 保存条件: Room Temperature (15-30°C)
• 保存注意事项: Hygroscopic
• RTECS编号: LQ4900000
• 欧盟危险性物质标志: 腐蚀性(Corrosive) (C); 刺激性(Irritant) (Xi)
• 联合国危险货物编号: 1779; 3412; UN1779; UN3412
• 德国WGK号: 1; nwg
• 联合国危险货物等级: 8
• 联合国危险货物包装类别(PG): 2; II
• 澳大利亚Hazchem: 2X
• 危险公开号: 10-34; 10-35; 34; 35; 36/38; R:35; R10 R35
• 安全公开号: 1/2-23-26-45; 23-26-45; 26; 26-36/37/39-45; S:23-26-45; S1/2 S23 S26 S45
• 欧盟危险货物分类: C9
• 欧盟危险识别号(EUHIN): 8B
• 美国ERG指导号: 153
• TSCA收录: 是
• GHS危险品标识: GHS02; GHS05; GHS06
• GHS警示词: Danger
• 主要危害: Corrosive; irritant;; sensitizer.
• NFPA704:
  

  2

  3

  1
• 爆炸极限: 57 %
• GHS危险声明: H226-H314; H314; H331-H302-H314-H318-H226
• GHS警示性声明: P210-P241-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P405-P501A; P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310
• 个人保护装置: Eyeshields, Gloves; Faceshields, full-face respirator (US), Gloves, Goggles, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US), type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
• RID/ADR: UN 1779 8/PG 2; UN 3412 8/PG 2
• 保存温度: room temp
• Regulation Compliance: EU Regulation 1334/2008 & 178/2002; FCC; FDA 21 CFR (172.515)

药理学性质

• 过敏源: no known allergens

产品相关信息

• 纯度: ≥96%; ~85% (T); ~98%; ~98% (T); >97%; ≥85%; ≥88.0%; ≥88.0% (T); ≥95%; ≥96%; ≥96.0%; ≥98%; ≥98.0%; ≥98.0% (T); 49-51% (T); 85%; 88%; 88.0-89.5%; 88+%; 88-91% (T); 95-97%; 96+%; 97%; 98.0-100%
• 浓度: 1.0 M in H2O; 1.000 g/L in H2O
• 级别: ACS; ACS reagent; analytical standard; eluent additive for LC-MS; eluent additive for UHPLC-MS; FG; for HPLC; for mass spectrometry; Halal; JIS special grade; Kosher; LC-MS Ultra; NI; puriss.; puriss. p.a.; purum; REAGENT; reagent grade; SAJ first grade; TraceSELECT®
• 适用性: corresponds to standard for filter test; corresponds to standard for RP gradient test; passes test for LC-MS; passes test for UHPLC-MS
• 蒸发残渣: ≤0.0001%; ≤0.002%; ≤0.003%
• 杂质: ~2% water; ≤0.001% ammonium (NH4); ≤0.001% heavy metals (as Pb); ≤0.001% non-volatile matter; ≤0.002% heavy metals (as Pb); ≤0.005% acetic acid (CH3COOH); ≤0.005% non-volatile matter; ≤0.01% non-volatile matter; ≤0.05% acetic acid (CH3COOH); ≤0.05% acetic acid (GC); ≤0.1% formaldehyde; ≤0.4% Acetic acid; ≤0.5% acetic acid (CH3COOH); ≤1% acetic acid; insoluble matter, passes filter test
• 痕量阳离子: Ag: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Ag: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Al: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Al: ≤1 mg/kg; Al: ≤5 μg/kg; As: ≤1 μg/kg; As: ≤3 mg/kg; Au: ≤1 μg/kg; Ba: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Ba: ≤1 mg/kg; Ba: ≤1 μg/kg; Be: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Be: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Bi: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Bi: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Bi: ≤1 mg/kg; Ca: ≤0.2 mg/kg; Ca: ≤20 μg/kg; Ca: ≤5 mg/kg; Cd: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Cd: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Cd: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Cd: ≤1 mg/kg; Ce: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Co: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Co: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Co: ≤1 mg/kg; Co: ≤1 μg/kg; Cr: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Cr: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Cr: ≤1 mg/kg; Cr: ≤1 μg/kg; Cs: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Cu: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Cu: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Cu: ≤1 mg/kg; Cu: ≤1 μg/kg; Cu: ≤20 mg/kg; Fe: ≤0.001%; Fe: ≤0.2 mg/kg; Fe: ≤0.5 mg/kg; Fe: ≤1 mg/kg; Fe: ≤10 mg/kg; Fe: ≤10 μg/kg; Fe: ≤2 mg/kg; Fe: ≤20 mg/kg; Fe: ≤5 ppm; Ga: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Ge: ≤0.05 mg/kg; heavy metals (as Pb): ≤0.001%; heavy metals (as Pb): ≤5 ppm; Hg: ≤1 μg/kg; In: ≤0.5 μg/kg; K: ≤0.1 mg/kg; K: ≤10 μg/kg; K: ≤20 mg/kg; Li: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Li: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Li: ≤1 mg/kg; Mg: ≤0.5 mg/kg; Mg: ≤1 mg/kg; Mg: ≤5 μg/kg; Mn: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Mn: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Mn: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Mn: ≤1 mg/kg; Mo: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Mo: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Mo: ≤1 mg/kg; Na: ≤0.5 mg/kg; Na: ≤10 μg/kg; Na: ≤20 mg/kg; NH4+: ≤0.005%; NH4+: ≤10 mg/kg; Ni: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Ni: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Ni: ≤1 mg/kg; Ni: ≤2 μg/kg; Pb: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Pb: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Pb: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Pb: ≤1 mg/kg; Pb: ≤10 mg/kg; Pt: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Rb: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Sb: ≤1 μg/kg; Se: ≤1 μg/kg; Sn: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Sr: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Sr: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Sr: ≤1 mg/kg; Ti: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Ti: ≤1 μg/kg; Tl: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Tl: ≤0.5 μg/kg; U: ≤0.5 μg/kg; V: ≤0.05 mg/kg; V: ≤1 μg/kg; Zn: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Zn: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Zn: ≤1 mg/kg; Zn: ≤20 mg/kg; Zn: ≤5 μg/kg; Zr: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Zr: ≤0.5 μg/kg
• 痕量阴离子: chloride (Cl-): ≤0.001%; chloride (Cl-): ≤10 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤20 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤5 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤50 mg/kg; oxalate (C2O42-): ≤100 mg/kg; oxalate (C2O42-): ≤50 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.002%; sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.003%; sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.5 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤100 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤40 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤5 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤50 mg/kg; sulfite (SO32-): ≤10 mg/kg; sulfite (SO32-): ≤50 mg/kg; sulfite (SO32-): passes test
• 其他组分: <2.5% water as stabilizer; water as stabilizer (remainder)
• 有效期: (limited shelf life, expiry date on the label)
• 产品质量级别: PREMIUM
• 品质说明: meets analytical specifications of DAC, FCC, E 236
• 稀释测试: passes test
• λ: neat
• 产品线: BioUltra
• 线性分子式: HCOOH

详细说明

MP Biomedicals - 02194048

ACS Reagent Grade
Purity: >96%

MP Biomedicals - 02151162

Free Acid Purity: >97% 1 ml = approx. 1.22 g

MP Biomedicals - 05204849

MP Biomedicals Rare Chemical collection

DrugBank - DB01942

• Drug Groups: experimental
• Description: Formic acid (systematically called methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most famously in the venom of bee and ant stings. The principal use of formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. [Wikipedia]
• Toxicity: ORAL (LD₅₀): Acute: 700 mg/kg [Mouse]. 1100 mg/kg [Rat]. 4000 mg/kg [Dog].
• Absorption: Formic acid is readily metabolized and eliminated by the body.
• External Links: Wikipedia

Sigma Aldrich - W248703

包装
1 kg in glass bottle
1 sample in glass bottle
5, 10, 25 kg in comp drum

Sigma Aldrich - 695076

包装
2.5 L in poly bottle
5, 100, 500 mL in poly bottle

Sigma Aldrich - 06473

Application
Formic acid solution can be used to study biological buffers and buffer solutions. Formic acid solution has been used in a study to develop a sensitive and easy analytical method for catecholamine metabolites including 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol sulfate (HMPG sulfate), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) determination. Formic acid solution has also been used in a study to develop a method for the determination of the eight quinolones of veterinary use regulated by the European Union.

Sigma Aldrich - 06454

法律信息
TraceSELECT 注册商标 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

Sigma Aldrich - 49897

Preparation Note
由甲酸和 H2O 制备
General description
采用 0.45μm 膜过滤

Sigma Aldrich - F0507

包装
1, 4 L in poly bottle
100, 500 mL in poly bottle

Sigma Aldrich - 251364

Application
用于甲酰化、水解和环缩合的通用试剂。

Sigma Aldrich - 399388

包装
100 mL in glass bottle
100 mL in poly bottle
12×100 mL in glass bottle
2.5, 4×2.5 L in poly bottle
500 mL in poly bottle

参考文献

• Dehydration with sulfuric acid can be used to generate CO in situ. Subsequent reaction with tertiary carbocations gives the corresponding carboxylic acid (the Koch-Haaf carboxylation). For examples, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 5, 20, 739 (1973); improved procedure: Synth. Commun., 19, 1945 (1989). 1,4-Diols in which one alcohol is tertiary give -lactones: Chem. Lett., 1187 (1982).
• Used in combination with formaldehyde in the Eschweiler-Clarke reductive methylation of amines, the formic acid acting as a hydride donor. Review: Org. React., 5, 290 (1949). For an example, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 3, 723 (1955).
• In the presence of Raney nickel alloy, reduces aromatic nitriles to aldehydes in high yield: J. Chem. Soc., 5775 (1965); for list of examples, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 6, 631 (1988).
• Hydrogen donor, in combination with Pd on carbon, in catalytic transfer hydrogenations; see, e.g.: Selective reduction of dinitroarenes to nitroanilines: J. Org. Chem., 45, 4992 (1980). Dehalogenation of aryl halides: Synthesis, 876 (1982). Hydrogenation of aromatic rings: Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 7477 (1992). See also Palladium, A12012, Cyclohexene, A11359, and Ammonium formate, A10699. For a comparative mechanistic study of formic acid and formate salts in hydrogenolysis of aryl chlorides, see: J. Org. Chem., 60, 1347 (1995).
• In combination with Selenium(IV) oxide, 12358, improved results have been obtained in the allylic oxidation of sterically-hindered olefins: Synth. Commun., 24, 29213 (1994).
• Cleaves trityl groups selectively in the presence of benzylidene acetals or TBDMS ethers: Tetrahedron Lett., 27, 579 (1986).
• Instead of the unstable formic anhydride, formylations may be carried out with formic acid and acetic anhydride to generate the mixed acetic formic anhydride in situ. For a review, see: Tetrahedron, 46, 1081 (1990). This reagent has been used for the deoxygenation of tertiary amine oxides: Chem. Lett., 1517 (1985).